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Recent Publications and Links to Papers

 

ANALYSIS OF TAIL MORPHOLOGY AND OSTEOLOGY IN ETHIOPIAN INDIGENOUS SHEEP

Januar 2023

Agraw Amane et al. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 47, 103776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103776

Abstract
Sheep adaptive diversity, including tail morphology, has been shaped by various factors, including natural and/or artificial selection for different traits. The Horn of Africa has historically been a major livestock entry point on the African continent from the Near Eastern centers of initial domestication. Ethiopia, in particular, possesses a marked sheep diversity, including the presence of breeds with four distinct tail morphotypes (short fat-tail, long fat-tail, fat-rump, and thin-tail) that do not co-exist elsewhere. The origin and development of the fat-tail, as well as the fat-rump, are still poorly known, and the osteological and metrical differences between the fat-tail morphotypes have never been studied. Here, we characterized the phenotypic diversity of Ethiopian sheep tails from morphological and osteological perspectives. Three tail measurements and 14 osteological traits were recorded in six breeds (Menz, Washera, Afar, Blackhead Somali, Bonga, and Gumz), representative of the four sheep tail morphotypes. Both linear discriminant and principal component analyses categorize the six sheep breeds into four distinct tail morphotypes. Analysis of variance of the morphological and osteological traits shows significant differences (P < 0.05) between the four tail morphotypes. The highest mean values of tail length, total caudal vertebrae length and the number of caudal vertebrae were recorded in the thin-tailed sheep, followed by the long fat-tailed sheep, whereas the lowest average values were recorded in the fat-rumped and short fat-tailed sheep. These traits are significantly and positively correlated with each other. Based on regression model analysis, it is possible to use tail length alone as a predictive tool to estimate the sheep tail osteology without killing the animal. Moreover, based on measurements of sheep caudal vertebrae, the osteologist can estimate other osteological traits and the tail length of that sheep, further differentiating its tail morphotypes. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were also observed in individual caudal vertebra length and breadth, tail breadth and tail circumference, and flat and concave-shaped caudal vertebrae between the short-tailed and long-tailed sheep. Our results provide important phenotypic baselines for genome diversity and adaptation studies and an osteological baseline for archeozoological work aiming to understand the history of sheep farming and breed development in past societies.

 

LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT IN THE NORTHERN LEVANT DURING THE FIRST MILLENNIUM BCE. 

December 2022

Jwana Chahoud, Moussab Albesso, Emmanuelle Vila, Quaternary International S104061822200386X. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2022.12.005

Abstract
The economy of Levantine societies in the first millennium BCE was based on animal husbandry and the use of animal life products. New data from Iron Age sites in Lebanon and Syria are analysed in this paper. The investigation of livestock management through the study of archaeological animal bones and their measurements reveals specialised zootechnies. Size variability is observed, especially among sheep and cattle. This heterogeneity suggests that management techniques were directed towards ensuring the necessary supply of animal types to provide the required secondary products in coastal and hinterland, small or large centres. This response to market demands was possible by using different husbandry (zootechnies) strategies and by large-scale trade activities in the region.

 

ARE PETROUS BONES JUST A REPOSITORY OF ANCIENT BIOMOLECULES? INVESTIGATING BIOSYSTEMATIC SIGNALS IN SHEEP PETROUS BONES USING 3D GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS

June 2022

Camille Bader et al. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 43
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103447

Abstract
Over the last decade, the petrous bone (petrosum) has become the ultimate repository of ancient biomolecules, leading to a plea for a more ethical curation preventing the systematic destruction of this bioarchaeological archive. Here, we propose to explore the biosystematic signal encompassed in the biological form of 152 petrosa from modern populations of wild and domestic sheep landraces/breeds across Western Europe, South-Western Asia and Africa, using high resolution geometric morphometrics (GMM) and the latest development in 3D virtual morphology. We assessed the taxonomic signals among wild and domestic caprine species and sheep landraces. We also explored the effect of sexual dimorphism and ageing at the population scale. Finally, we assessed the influence of climatic factors across the geographic distribution of our dataset using Köppen-Geiger climate categories.

We found that the 3D form of petrous bones can accurately separate wild and domestic caprine taxa and that it is not influenced by sexual dimorphism, post-natal ageing or horn bearing. Recent selective breeding has not induced sufficient diversification to allow accurate identification of the different landraces/breeds in sheep; however, both genetic distance and climatic differences across the current distribution in sheep landraces/breeds strongly contribute to petrosumintraspecific variation. Finally, human mediated dispersal of domestic sheep outside their Near Eastern cradle, especially towards Africa, have greatly contributed to the diversification of sheep petrous bone form and shape. We therefore highly recommend systematic 3D surface modelling of archaeological petrosa with preliminary GMM studies to help target and reduce destructive biomolecular studies.

 

EVOSHEEP: THE MAKEUP OF SHEEP BREEDS IN THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST

February, 2021

Emmanuelle Vila et al, Antiquity , Volume 95 , Issue 379 , February 2021 , e2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2020.247

Abstract
The EVOSHEEP project combines archaeozoology, geometric morphometrics and genetics to study archaeological sheep assemblages dating from the sixth to the first millennia BC in eastern Africa, the Levant, the Anatolian South Caucasus, the Iranian Plateau and Mesopotamia. The project aims to understand changes in the physical appearance and phenotypic characteristics of sheep and how these related to the appearance of new breeds and the demand for secondary products to supply the textile industry.

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SHEEP HUSBANDRY FROM THE SIXTH TO THE THIRD MILLENNIA BC IN THE NEAR EAST: A LAUNCHING PAD FOR THE MESOPOTAMIAN URBAN REVOLUTION ?

January, 2019

Vila, E. & Chahoud, J.. 2019. Sheep husbandry from the sixth to the third millennia BC in the Near East: a launching pad for the Mesopotamian urban revolution? in Gourichon, L., Daujeard, C. & Brugal, J.-P. (ed.) Humans and caprines: 203–223. Antibes: APDCA.

Abstract
The Near East is the cradle of sheep and goat domestication. It is also the first place where farming began to specialize in sheep husbandry from the Neolithic period onwards. This paper focuses on the evolution of husbandry and the contribution of caprines (sheep and goats) to the animal economy in Mesopotamia and the Levant, particularly from the Chalcolithic period to the Early Bronze Age. The increase in caprine breeding, especially sheep, is very significant from the Uruk period onwards in North Mesopotamia. The rise in the number of sheep was encouraged by the developing need for secondary products linked to the urbanization process. The control of sheep husbandry must have been fundamental for the implementation of the new economic and socio-cultural systems – urbanization, state-cities, empires – that developed at that time.
Keywords : Near East, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Sheep Husbandry, Urbanization

Read More

 

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References

ANIMAL PRODUCTS

  • Breniquet C. 2008, Essai sur le tissage  en Mésopotamie des premières communautés sédentaires au milieu du IIIe millénaire avant J.-C., Travaux de la Maison René-Ginouvès 5
, De Broccart, Paris.

  • Breniquet C. 2013, Functions and Uses of Textiles in the Ancient Near East. Summary and Perspectives, in M.-L. Nosch, H. Koefoed, E. Anderson-Strand (eds), Textile production and consumption in the Ancient Near East, Oxbow Books, Oxford-Oakville, 1-25.

  • Breniquet C., Michel C. (eds) 2014, Wool Economy in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean, Oxbow Books, Oxford.

  • Vigne J-D.,  Helmer D. 2007, Are the ‘secondary products’ all secondary, especially for the birth of Old world cattle and caprine domestication? Milk as a component of the neolithisation process, in Balasse M., Yacobaccio H., Vigne J-D., Helmer D. & Goepfert N. (eds), Herding Techniques, Anthropozoologica, 9-40.

  • Vila, E. & Chahoud, J.. 2019. Sheep husbandry from the sixth to the third millennia BC in the Near East: a launching pad for the Mesopotamian urban revolution? in Gourichon, L., Daujeard, C. & Brugal, J.-P. (ed.) Humans and caprines: 203–23. Antibes: APDCA.

 

ARCHAEOZOOLOGY & METHODS

  • Berthon R. 2011, Animal Exploitation in the Upper Tigris River Valley (Turkey) between the 3rd and the 1st millennia BC, PhD Kiel, CAU.

  • Berthon R. 2014, Past, Current and Future Contribution of Zooarchaeology to the Knowledge of the Neolithic and Chalcolithic Cultures in South Caucasus, Studies in Caucasian Archaeology 2, 4-30.

  • Chahoud J. 2013, Diversité faunique, économie alimentaire et pratiques socio-culturelles au Levant à l’âge du Bronze : Une approche archéozoologique, PhD Thesis Université Lyon 2/ Université Libanaise.

  • Chahoud J., Vila E. 2011, The role of animals in ancient Sidon: an overview of the ongoing zooarchaeological studies. Archaeology and History in Lebanon 34-35, 259-284. 

  • Gourichon L. 2004, Faune et saisonnalité. L’organisation temporelle des activités de subsistance dans l’Epipaléolithique et le Néolithique précéramique du Levant nord (Syrie). PhD Université Lumière-Lyon 2.

  • Helmer D. 1995, Biometria i arqueozoologia a partir d’alguns exemples del Proxim Orient. Cota Zero 11, 51-60. 

  • Helmer D. 2000, Discrimination des genres Ovis et Capra à l’aide des prémolaires inférieures 3 et 4 et interprétation des âges d’abattage; l’exemple de Dikili Tash (Grèce), Anthropozoologica 31/Ibex. Journal of Mountain Ecology 5, 29-38. 

  • Helmer D., Gourichon L., Monchot H., Peters J., Saña Segui M. 2005, Identifying early domestic cattle from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites on the Middle Euphrates using sexual dimorphism, in J.D. Vigne, J. Peters, D. Helmer (eds), New methods and the first steps of mammal domestication, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 86-94.

  • Helmer D., Gourichon L., Vila E. 2007, The development of the exploitation of products from Capra and Ovis (meat, milk and fleeces) from the PPNB to the Early Bronze in the northern Near East (8700 to 2000 BC cal.), Anthropozoologica 42/2, 41-69.

  • Mashkour M. 2001, Chasse et élevage du Néolithique à l'Age du Fer dans la plaine de Qazvin (Iran). Etude archéozoologique des sites de Zagheh, Qabrestan et Sagzabad, PhD Thesis Université Paris I-Sorbonne.

  • Mashkour M., Skorupka M. 2012, La morphologie des moutons et chèvres de Bithnah, in A. Benoist (ed.), La vallée de Bithnah (Fujairah, E.A.U.) au cours de l’âge du Fer, BAR / TOM publications, 393-399.

  • Mohaseb F.A. 2012, Exploitation des animaux durant l’Age du Bronze au début de la période Islamique dans le Nord ouest de l’Iran : étude archéozoologique de Haftavan Tepe, PhD University Panthéon, Sorbonne, Paris.

  • Monchot H., Mashkour M., Vigne J.-D. 2005, Kernel smoothing and mixture analysis for the determination of the sex ratios at death, at the beginning of domestication of ungulates, in J.-D. Vigne, J. Peters, D. Helmer (eds), First Steps of Animal Domestication: New Archaeozoological Approaches, Oxbow, Oxford, 55–60.

  • Vila E. 1998, L’exploitation des animaux dans le Nord de la Mésopotamie au IV et IIIe millénaire av. J.-C., CNRS.

  • Vila E. 2002, L´évolution de la taille du mouton dans le nord de la Mésopotamie : les faits et leurs causes, in L. Bodson (éd.), D’os, d’image et de mots. Univ. de Liège, 47-79.

  • Vila E. 2010, Etude de la faune mammalienne de Tell Chuera, secteur H et K (2000-2007) et de Kharab-Sayar, secteur A (Bronze ancien, Syrie), in J.-W. Meyer (ed.), Tell Chuera : Vorbericht zu den Grabungskampagnen 1998 bis 2005, Vorderasiatische Forschungen der Max Freiherr von Oppenheim-Stiftung 2, Harrassowitz V., Wiesbaden, 223-291.

  • Vila E., Gourichon L.  Choyke A., Buitenhuis H. (eds) 2008, Archaeozoology of the Near East VIII, MOM, Lyon.

 

ARCHAEOZOOLOGY & METHODS

  • Berthon R. 2011, Animal Exploitation in the Upper Tigris River Valley (Turkey) between the 3rd and the 1st millennia BC, PhD Kiel, CAU.

  • Berthon R. 2014, Past, Current and Future Contribution of Zooarchaeology to the Knowledge of the Neolithic and Chalcolithic Cultures in South Caucasus, Studies in Caucasian Archaeology 2, 4-30.

  • Chahoud J. 2013, Diversité faunique, économie alimentaire et pratiques socio-culturelles au Levant à l’âge du Bronze : Une approche archéozoologique, PhD Thesis Université Lyon 2/ Université Libanaise.

  • Chahoud J., Vila E. 2011, The role of animals in ancient Sidon: an overview of the ongoing zooarchaeological studies. Archaeology and History in Lebanon 34-35, 259-284. 

  • Gourichon L. 2004, Faune et saisonnalité. L’organisation temporelle des activités de subsistance dans l’Epipaléolithique et le Néolithique précéramique du Levant nord (Syrie). PhD Université Lumière-Lyon 2.

  • Helmer D. 1995, Biometria i arqueozoologia a partir d’alguns exemples del Proxim Orient. Cota Zero 11, 51-60. 

  • Helmer D. 2000, Discrimination des genres Ovis et Capra à l’aide des prémolaires inférieures 3 et 4 et interprétation des âges d’abattage; l’exemple de Dikili Tash (Grèce), Anthropozoologica 31/Ibex. Journal of Mountain Ecology 5, 29-38. 

  • Helmer D., Gourichon L., Monchot H., Peters J., Saña Segui M. 2005, Identifying early domestic cattle from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites on the Middle Euphrates using sexual dimorphism, in J.D. Vigne, J. Peters, D. Helmer (eds), New methods and the first steps of mammal domestication, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 86-94.

  • Helmer D., Gourichon L., Vila E. 2007, The development of the exploitation of products from Capra and Ovis (meat, milk and fleeces) from the PPNB to the Early Bronze in the northern Near East (8700 to 2000 BC cal.), Anthropozoologica 42/2, 41-69.

  • Mashkour M. 2001, Chasse et élevage du Néolithique à l'Age du Fer dans la plaine de Qazvin (Iran). Etude archéozoologique des sites de Zagheh, Qabrestan et Sagzabad, PhD Thesis Université Paris I-Sorbonne.

  • Mashkour M., Skorupka M. 2012, La morphologie des moutons et chèvres de Bithnah, in A. Benoist (ed.), La vallée de Bithnah (Fujairah, E.A.U.) au cours de l’âge du Fer, BAR / TOM publications, 393-399.

  • Mohaseb F.A. 2012, Exploitation des animaux durant l’Age du Bronze au début de la période Islamique dans le Nord ouest de l’Iran : étude archéozoologique de Haftavan Tepe, PhD University Panthéon, Sorbonne, Paris.

  • Monchot H., Mashkour M., Vigne J.-D. 2005, Kernel smoothing and mixture analysis for the determination of the sex ratios at death, at the beginning of domestication of ungulates, in J.-D. Vigne, J. Peters, D. Helmer (eds), First Steps of Animal Domestication: New Archaeozoological Approaches, Oxbow, Oxford, 55–60.

  • Vila E. 1998, L’exploitation des animaux dans le Nord de la Mésopotamie au IV et IIIe millénaire av. J.-C., CNRS.

  • Vila E. 2002, L´évolution de la taille du mouton dans le nord de la Mésopotamie : les faits et leurs causes, in L. Bodson (éd.), D’os, d’image et de mots. Univ. de Liège, 47-79.

  • Vila E. 2010, Etude de la faune mammalienne de Tell Chuera, secteur H et K (2000-2007) et de Kharab-Sayar, secteur A (Bronze ancien, Syrie), in J.-W. Meyer (ed.), Tell Chuera : Vorbericht zu den Grabungskampagnen 1998 bis 2005, Vorderasiatische Forschungen der Max Freiherr von Oppenheim-Stiftung 2, Harrassowitz V., Wiesbaden, 223-291.

  • Vila E., Gourichon L.  Choyke A., Buitenhuis H. (eds) 2008, Archaeozoology of the Near East VIII, MOM, Lyon.

 

DOMESTICATION

  • Bonte P., Brisebarre A. M., Helmer D., Sidi Maamar H. (eds) 2004, Domestications animales : dimensions sociales et symboliques, Hommage à Jacques Cauvin, Anthropozoologica 39.

  • Helmer D. 1991, La domestication des animaux par les hommes préhistoriques, Elsevier-Masson.

  • Helmer D. 1994, La domestication des animaux d’embouche dans le Levant Nord (Syrie du Nord et Sinjar) du milieu du IXe mill. BP à la fin du VIIIe mill. BP. Nouvelles données d’après les fouilles récentes, Anthropozoologica 20, 41-54. 

  • Lesur J. 2009, Origine et diffusion de l’élevage dans la Corne de l’Afrique, un état de la question, Ann.Ethiop.24, 

  • 173‑208.

  • Peters J., von den Driesch A., Helmer D. 2005, The upper Ephrates-Tigris basin: Cradle of agro-pastoralism? in J.‑D. Vigne, J. Peters, D. Helmer(eds), The first steps of animal domestication: New archaeological approaches, Oxbow, Oxford, 96-124.

  • Rognon X., Vila E., Verrier E, 2009, L'évolution des espèces animales suite à la domestication - conséquences pour les ressources génétiques, Comptes Rendus de l'Académie d'Agriculture de France 94, 13-24.

  • Vigne J.-D., Peters J. & Helmer D. (eds) 2005, The First Steps of Animal Domestication, Oxbow Books, Oxford.

  • Vigne J.-D. 2015. Early domestication and farming: what should we know or do for a better understanding? Anthropozoologica 50(2), 123-150.

  • Vigne J.-D., Balasse M., Gourichon L., Lesur J., Mashkour M., Tresset A., Vila E. 2011, Etat des connaissances archéozoologiques sur les débuts de l’élevage du mouton dans l’ancien monde, Ethnozootechnie 91, 11–19.

  • Zeder M.A. 2008, Animal domestication in the Zagros: an update and directions for future research, in E. Vila, L. Gourichon, A. Choyke, H. Buitenhuis (eds), Archaeozoology of the Near East VIII, MOM, Lyon, 243-278.

 

EPIGRAPHY

  • Abrahami P. 2014, Wool in the Nuzi textes in C. Breniquet & C. Michel C. (eds), Wool Economy in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 283-309.

  • Abrahami P., Lion B. (eds) 2012, The Nuzi Workshop at the 55th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale (July 2009, Paris), Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and The Hurrians 19, Bethesda Maryland.

  • Biga M.G. 2014, Some aspects of wool economy at Ebla, in C. Breniquet, C. Michel (eds), Wool Economy in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 139-150.

  • De Graef K. 2014, All Wool and a Yard Wide. Wool Production and Trade in Old Babylonian Sippar , in C. Breniquet, C. Michel (eds), Wool Economy in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean, Ancient Textiles Series 17, Oxford & Philadelphia, 202-231.

  • Michel C. 2008, The Old Assyrian Trade in the light of Recent Kultepe Archives, Journal of the Canadian Society for Mesopotamian Studies, 71-82. 

  • Michel. C. 2014, The Assyrian Textile Trade in Anatolia (19th century BCE): From Traded Goods to Prestigious Gifts, in K. Dross-Krüpe (ed.), Textile Trade and Distribution in Antiquity, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, 111-122. 

  • Michel C. 2015, Production and Trade in the Old Assyrian Period, Rivista di Storia Economica 1, 57-78.

  • Michel C. 2016, Estimating an Old Assyrian Household Textile Production with the Help of Experimental Archaeology: Feasibility and Limitations, in C. Ebert, M. Harlow, E. Andersson Strand, L. Bjerregaard (eds), Traditional Textile Craft – an Intangible Cultural Heritage? Copenhagen, 125-136.

  • Michel C. & Veenhof K. R. 2010, The Textiles traded by the Assyrians in Anatolia (19th-18th Centuries BC), in C. Michel & M.-L. Nosch (eds),Textile Terminologies in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean from the Third to the First millennia BC, Oxbow, Oxford, 209–269.

  • Sallaberger W. 2014, The Value of Wool in Early Bronze Age Mesopotamia. On the Control of Sheep and the Handling of Wool in the Presargonic to the Ur III Periods (c. 2400–2000 BC), in C. Breniquet, C. Michel (eds), Wool Economy in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 94-114.

 

ICONOGRAPHY

  • Firth R. 2014, Textile Texts of the Lagas II Period, in M. Harlow, C. Michel, M.-L. Nosch (eds), Prehistoric, Ancient Near Eastern and Aegean Textiles and Dress, Ancient Textiles Series 187, Oxbow Books, Oxford-Philadelphia, 57-73.

  • Helmer D., Gourichon L. Stordeur D. 2004, à l’aube de la domestication animale. Imaginaire et symbolisme animal dans les premières sociétés néolithiques du nord du Proche-Orient, in P. Bonte, A. M. Brisebarre, D. Helmer, H. Sidi Maamar (eds), Domestications animales : dimensions sociales et symboliques, Anthropozoologica 39 (1), 143-163.

  • Vila E., Helmer D. 2014, The expansion of sheep herding and the development of wool production in the ancient Near East: An archaeozoological and iconographical approach, in C. Breniquet et C. Michel (eds), Wool economy in the ancient Near East and the Aegean, Oxbow Books, 22-40.

 

MORPHOMETRIC GEOMETRICS

  • Clavel J., Escarguel G., Merceron G. 2015, mvMORPH: an R package for fitting multivariate evolutionary models to morphometric data. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 6(11), 1311-1319.

  • Clavel J., Merceron G., Escarguel G. 2014, Missing data estimation in morphometrics: How much is too much? Systematic Biology 63(2), 203-218.

  • Clavel J., Merceron G., Hristova L., Spassov N., Kovachev D., Escarguel G. 2012, On Mesopithecus habitat: insights from late Miocene fossil vertebrate localities of Bulgaria, Journal of Human Evolution 63(1), 162-179.

  • Cucchi T., Vigne J.-D., Auffray J.-C., Croft P., Peltenburg E. 2002, Passive transport of the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) to Cyprus at the Early Preceramic Neolithic (Late 9th and 8th Mill. cal. BC), CRAS, Palevol 1, 235–241.

  • Cucchi T., Hulme-Beaman A., Yuan J., Dobney K. 2011, Early Neolithic pig domestication at Jiahu, Henan Province, China: Clues from molar shape analyses using geometric morphometric approaches, J. of Archaeological Science 38, 11-22.

  • Cucchi T., Dai L., Balasse M., Zhao C., Gao J., Hu Y., Yuan J., Vigne J.-D. 2016, Social Complexification and Pig ( Sus scrofa ) Husbandry in Ancient China: A Combined Geometric Morphometric and Isotopic Approach, PLOS ONE 11, e0158523. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158523.

  • Cucchi T., Baylac M., Evin A., Bignon-Lau O., Vigne J.-D. 2015, Morphométrie géométrique et archéozoologie : Concepts, méthodes et applications, in M. Balasse, J.-P. Brugal, Y. Dauphin, E.-M. Geigh, C. Oberlin, I. Reiche (eds), Messages d’os Archéométrie du squelette animal et humain, Editions des Archives Contemporaines , Paris, 197–216.

  • Cucchi T., Mohaseb A., Peigné S., Debue K., Orlando L., Mashkour M. accepted mars 2017, Detecting taxonomic and phylogenetic signals in equid cheek teeth: towards new paleontological and archaeological proxies, Royal Society Open Science.

  • Escarguel G. 2012, Appendix A. Statistical Analysis of Simpson’s Log-ratios, in P. Missiaen, G. Escarguel, J.‑L.Hartenberger, T. Smith, A Large New Collection of Palaeostylops from the Paleocene of the Flaming Clis Area (Ulan-Nur Basin, Gobi Desert, Mongolia), and an Evaluation of the Phylogenetic A nities of Arctostylopidae (Mammalia, Gliriformes), Geobios 45/3, 311-322. Supplementary materials 24.

  • Evin A., Cucchi T., Cardini A., Vidarsdottir U.S. et al. 2013, The long and winding road: identifying pig domestication through molar size and shape, J. of Archaeological Science 40, 735-743.

  • Evin A., Cucchi T., Escarguel G., Owen J., Larson G., Vidarsdottir U.S., Dobney K. 2014. Using traditional biometrical data to distinguish West Palearctic wild boar and domestic pigs in the archaeological record: New methods and standards, J. of Archaeological Science 43, 1-8.

  • Missiean P., Escarguel G., Hartenberger J.-L., Smith T. 2012, A large new collection of Palaeostylops from the Paleocene of the Flaming Cliffs area (Ulan-Nur Basin, Gobi Desert, Mongolia), and an evaluation of the phylogenetic affinities of Arctostylopidae (Mammalia, Gliriformes), Geobios45(3), 311-322.

  • Vuillien M., Sorin S., Gourichon L. 2017, Morphométrie géométrique et 3D : Premières analyses des morphotypes ovins et caprins, ArchéOrient - Le Blog, 6 janvier 2017, [En ligne] http://archeorient.hypotheses.org/6985

 

GENETICS

  • Broushaki F., Thomas M.G., Link V., [+ 21 authors], Bradley D.G., Shennan S., Veeramah K.R., Mashkour M., Wegmann D., Hellenthal G., Burger J. 2016, Early Neolithic genomes from the eastern Fertile Crescent, Science, 2016 Jul 29;353(6298), 499-503.

  • Chen H., Patterson N., Reich D. 2010, Population differentiation as a test for selective sweeps, Genome Research 20, 393–402. 

  • Cruz-Dávalos D.I., Llamas B., Gaunitz C., Fages A., [+ 12 authors], Willerslev E., Orlando L. 2016, Experimental conditions improving in-solution target enrichment for ancient DNA, Mol Ecol Resour. 2016 Aug 27. doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.12595.

  • Damgaard P.B., Margaryan A., Schroeder H., Orlando L., Willerslev E., Allentoft M.E., 2015, Improving access to endogenous DNA in ancient bones and teeth, Sci. Rep., Jun 17;5:11184. doi: 10.1038/srep11184.

  • Gamba C., Hanghøj K., Gaunitz C., Alfarhan A.H., Alquraishi S.A., Al-Rasheid K.A., Bradley D.G., Orlando L. 2016, Comparing the performance of three ancient DNA extraction methods for high-throughput sequencing, Mol Ecol Resour. Mar;16(2), 459-69.  doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.12470. Epub 2015 Oct 15.

  • Gamba C., Hanghøj K., Gaunitz C., Alfarhan A.H., Alquraishi S.A., Al-Rasheid K.A., Bradley D.G., Orlando L. 2016, Comparing the performance of three ancient DNA extraction methods for high-throughput sequencing, Molecular Ecology Resources 2016 Mar; 16(2), 459-469.

  • Hofmanová Z., Kreutzer S., Hellenthal G., [+ 29 authors], Bradley D.G., Currat M., Veeramah K.R., Wegmann D., Thomas M.G., Papageorgopoulou C., Burger J. 2016, Early farmers from across Europe directly descended from Neolithic Aegeans, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, Jun 21;113(25):6886-91. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1523951113.

  • Hollund H. I., Teasdale M. D., Mattiangeli V., Sverrisdottir O.Ó., Bradley D.G., O’Connor T. 2016, Pick the Right Pocket. Sub-sampling of Bone Sections to Investigate Diagenesis and DNA Preservation, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology DOI: 10.1002/oa.2544 

  • Jónsson H., Ginolhac A., Schubert M., Johnson P.L., Orlando L. 2013, MapDamage2.0: fast approximate Bayesian estimates of ancient DNA damage parameters, Bioinformatics. 2013 Jul 1;29(13):1682-4. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btt193. 

  • Louvel G., Der Sarkissian C., Hanghoj K., Orlando L. 2016, metaBIT, an integrative and automated metagenomic pipeline for analyzing microbial profiles from high-throughput sequencing shotgun data, Molecular Ecology Resources May 2016. DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12546

  • Orlando L. et al. 2013, Recalibrating Equus evolution using the genome sequence of an early Middle Pleistocene horse, Nature 2013 Jul 4 ; 499(7456), 74-8.

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